How much did the international space station cost to build

The first piece of the International Space Station (ISS) was launched into space sixteen years ago in 1998. The space station has become a stepping stone for deep space exploration, and with its current construction status it will go on to see many more missions and be used for many other technological advancements.

It is difficult to ascertain the exact cost of constructing the International Space Station (ISS). With the latest estimates ranging from $100 billion to over $150 billion, the ISS is more expensive than any other single human spaceflight program (most notably the Space Shuttle), and any ongoing world-wide construction project.

How much did the international space station cost to build

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets as well as American Space Shuttles. The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. It has been visited by astronauts, cosmonauts and space tourists from 17 different nations. The ISS programme is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency). The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS).[6]

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. It serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory that is used by astronauts from various nations who conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The ISS has been continuously occupied for the past 18 years and 222 days, having exceeded the previous record of almost 10 years (1998–2009) for continuous human occupancy of a spacelab or space station.[7]

The station consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets as well as American Space Shuttles. The space station is currently maintained at an orbital altitude of between 330 and 435 km (205 and 270 mi) by the international crew,[8] which typically consists of six people. It completes 15.54 orbits per day.[9]

The ISS program is a joint project between five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (European Union), and CSA (Canada). The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties[10][11] and agreements.[12]

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets as well as American Space Shuttles.

The ISS program is a joint project between five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos (Russian Federal Space Agency), JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency). The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and the United States Orbital Segment (USOS), which is shared by many nations. As of January 2014[update], Roscosmos has contributed more than $100 billion to the joint project.[8]

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched. The ISS was constructed by the United States of America, Russia, Japan, Canada and eleven European countries in an international partnership from 1998 to 2011. The first component of the ISS, Zarya, was launched into orbit on 20 November 1998. They were joined 7 December 2000 by Zvezda Service Module (SM), with an additional set of solar arrays and radiators. The ISS is managed by Roscosmos, which coordinates and controls the operation of all Soyuz and Progress spacecraft launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The station is currently staffed by a crew of six people: three Russians and three Americans.

The International Space Station (ISS) was the first permanent human outpost in space. It has been continuously occupied since November 2, 2000.

The ISS is a large structure that weighs more than 900 metric tons (1,000 short tons), as much as a cruise ship or a 100-story building. At about the size of a football field, it could fit inside a sports arena.

The ISS orbits Earth every 90 minutes at an average distance of between 330 and 435 kilometers (205 and 270 miles) above Earth. It travels at 27,700 kilometers (17,200 miles) per hour — about 27 times faster than the speed of sound — which means it completes 13 full orbits every day!

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by American Space Shuttles as well as Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars.

The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon. It completes 15.54 orbits per day; the crew works on average 2-3 hours per day on research tasks.[13] The ISS has been continuously occupied for 16 years and 211 days since November 2000.[14] This is an unprecedented duration for a space station; previously only Salyut 6 had been occupied for longer with 18 months but it was a military experiment rather than a civilian laboratory.[15]

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station that orbits the Earth and serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory. It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, Mir, and Tiangong series of manned space stations launched by the Soviet Union and later Russia. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by American Space Shuttles as well as Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). It circles the Earth every 90 minutes at speeds of 27 400 km/h (17 000 mph), completing 15.7 orbits per day. The ISS is expected to operate until at least 2020.[5]

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in low Earth orbit, capable of supporting astronauts on board for extended periods. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets as well as American Space Shuttles.

The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The station has been continuously occupied for 16 years and 357 days since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 2000. This is the longest continuous human presence in space, having surpassed the previous record of 9 years and 357 days held by Mir (24th unmanned Soviet space station). It has been visited by astronauts, cosmonauts and space tourists from 17 different nations.

The International Space Station is the largest artificial satellite in orbit and the only space station to be inhabited by astronauts continuously since November 2, 2000.

The ISS comprises multiple modules, including the U.S. Orbital Segment (USOS), Russian Orbital Segment (ROS), European Orbital Segment (EOS), and Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). It has a mass of over 420 metric tons (918,000 lb) and a pressurized volume of 915 cubic meters (32,000 cu ft).

The ISS orbits Earth in 98.6 minutes at an inclination of 51.6 degrees with respect to Earth’s equator and travels at an average speed of 27,724 km/h (17,227 mph).

The International Space Station is the largest artificial object ever built. It is made up of several modules, each launched separately by different rockets and connected in orbit by astronauts.